Ciara Wolfe

How many people would trust a news article if they knew it was written entirely by artificial intelligence? 5 years ago, that question may have sounded very dystopian, but today it has become our reality. AI can have many roles in media and journalism such as analytics, creative direction, or even writing entire articles (Thäsler-Kordonouri, Koliska, 2024,p. 2). AI is beginning to act as a journalist and that is where the concept of AI as an agent in journalism comes into play. There is a transition happening from AI being used as an aid to edit or fine-tune articles and information, it is being used to write the articles. The idea of AI as an agent in journalism is redefining the relationships between the public, news, and journalists.

Journalism Meets AI: Clarifying the Concept

 AI is meant to mimick the human mind, and is supposed to be capable of going beyond the natural boundaries of human intelligence (Owsley, 2022, p. 4). The human job of journalism is now being challenged by AI in certain aspects such as planning, writing articles, editing and more, but also utilized. 

In Chad Owsley’s concept explication of AI as an agent in journalism he states, “To best link the concepts Artificial Intelligence and Journalism, examining where they intersect may provide the most insightful pathway. AI and journalism intersect at the journalist. More specifically, they intersect at the journalist’s communication” (Owsley, 2022, p. 11). 

The idea of using AI as an agent is more than just viewing it as a tool or helpful resource. AI can now some what take credit for work. A news article can be written completely by AI instead of acting as a tool to point out grammatical errors or help come up with a catchy headline. The idea of AI existing almost as a coworker instead of a resource is where AI as an agent comes into play.

Automated Journalism Vs. AI as Agent

Automated journalism and AI as an agent are very similar. A lot of terms are viewed as synonymous to automated journalism such as machine-written news and robot journalism (Olsen, 2023, p.306). Automated journalism essentially takes data and numbers and turns it into a story. For example, taking sports scores and turning them into a templated story without human help (Owsley, 2022, p. 9-10). It can be viewed more as a sidekick or assistant, opposed to someone who would be leading the show. AI as an agent is more intense. This is when AI processes the information and acts as an actual journalist by doing the job a reporter would normally do. It is easy to confuse the two, which is why a concept explication for the terms is so important. Artificial intelligence is used in both cases to create a story but one is more numbers- focused than the other.

Where Does This Leave Us?

 AI can be an extremely helpful tool, but it isn’t the same as a human. AI as an agent can be efficient and helpful in some situations, but it will never have the same emotion and values that a human journalist will. News written by a human can come off more raw and real, whereas AI can sound exactly what it is: robotic. In this day and age where AI is constantly evolving and being used more frequently, it is hard to draw clear lines with its use. Both AI and humans can tell stories and process the information needed for those stories, but a human will have a different perspective to add. In the next few years I think we are going to see a lot of struggle to determine the ethics and use of AI in the workplace, especially journalism.

Keywords:

Automated Journalism, AI as Agent, Journalism, Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Resources:

Olsen, G. R. (2023). Enthusiasm and Alienation: How Implementing Automated Journalism Affects the Work Meaningfulness of Three Newsroom Groups. Journalism Practice, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2023.2190149

Owsley, C. S. (2022). Artificial Intelligence as Agent in Journalism: A Concept Explication. University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Thäsler-Kordonouri, S., & Koliska, M. (2025). Journalistic Agency and Power in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Journalism Practice, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2025.2480238

We see messages every day and everywhere. We see them in the news, advertisements and social media. Unfortunately, a lot of these messages may not be as authentic as they are made out to be. Organized persuasive communication (also referred to as OPC), is designed to influence our behaviors and our thoughts. 

As defined by Vian Bakir and cowriters, “[OPC] refer(s) to all organized persuasion activities (including advertising and marketing, propaganda, public relations, organizational communication, information/influence campaigns, psychological operations, strategic communication and a whole host of other overlapping terms)” (Bakir et al. 2018, p. 312).

Understanding how certain tactics work is important in recognizing deception, incentives and coersion that are used to influence people without realizing they are being manipulated. Being able to sniff out these tactics and recognize when a message is manipulative is important as a society in our authentic decision making.

What Turns Persuasion Into Manipulation?

An article written by Andrew Chadwick and James Stanyer on disinformation, misinformation, and misperceptions quotes philosopher Don Fallis on the influence of media by saying “ we citizens ‘cannot acquire, all by ourselves, all of the knowledge that we need to live our lives. We often have to rely on information that we receive from others’” (Chadwick, Stanyer, 2021, p. 1)

A lot of us may think of traditional advertisements or political campaigns when thinking about persuasion. Persuasion is not always as straightforward as that and can sometimes cross the line of manipulation. Incentives, coercion and deception are key aspects of understanding the manipulation.

• Incentives: Incentivization can be defined as an aspect of persuasion that involves promising rewards or benefits. An example of a manipulative incentive would be a political candidate promising tax cuts in order to garner votes from people who may not have initially been voting for them (Bakir et. al, 2018, p. 323). 

• Coercion: This is where OPC becomes the most direct and forceful. It is an act of persuasion that drives someone to act against their will because of a threat, which can even include physical force (Bakir et. al, 2018, p. 324). Coercion is almost always transparent between the parties involved, but extremely exploitative and essentially takes away a person’s choice to act freely (Arango-Kure, Garz, 2025, p. 6). An example of coercion would be an employer threatening to fire their employees if they were to speak out about unfair or unethical working conditions and environments. 

• Deception: Deception is persuasion by lying or distorting the truth. This completely violates the concept of informed consent. People don’t have the correct information in order to make an accurate, informed decision. Deception can come in the form of lying, omission, distortion and misdirection (Bakir et. al, 2018, p. 322). A relevant example of deception is the use of AI to create videos or images that are completely fake in order to spread false information.

When persuasion entails giving us rewards, threatening us, or lying to us, we lose the right to making an informed decision. The idea of individually making a choice gets taken away.

Persuasion and PR: Walking the Manipulative Line

Public relations tends to find themselves right in the middle of the idea of incentives, coercion and deception. Authenticity in PR is essential, especially in terms of connecting the organization to the key publics. Public relations leader Edward L. Bernays actually stated that the purpose of pr was to “engineer consent” and that a good public relations practitioner would be able to shape public opinion in a way to benefit businesses and organizations. Many academics and practioners found this to be manipulative and in turn sparked the search for a way to responsibly and ethically communicate with publics (Shin, Heath, 2020, p.32). The ethical side of public relations is supposed to connect organizations with their key publics through trust, but PR can also have the manipulative tendency to cover up issues or use pressure. 

Informed Consent Is Important!

Democracy is dependent on the public having the ability to make informed decisions. With the constant filtering and deception seen through influencers, social media, PR and advertising, are we truly able to make an informed decision. PR is a tool for influence as much as it is a tool for communication. Unethical use of PR can fuel the publics lack of/skewed information. It is important to identify and understand some of the tactics used in manipulative messaging in order to make informed decisions for ourselves. Understanding the aspects of what can make a message manipulative can be eye-opening in terms of feeling like we are truly, authentically informed. 

Keywords:

Persuasion, Manipulation, Incentives, Coercion, Deception

Resources:

Arango-Kure, M., & Garz, M. (2025). Manipulation: An integrative framework of unethical influence in marketing. Journal of Business Research, 197, 115476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115476

Bakir, V., Herring, E., Miller, D., & Robinson, P. (2018). Organized Persuasive Communication: A new conceptual framework for research on public relations, propaganda and promotional culture. Critical Sociology, 45(3), 311–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920518764586

Chadwick, A., & Stanyer, J. (2021). Deception as a Bridging Concept in the Study of Disinformation, Misinformation, and Misperceptions: Toward a Holistic Framework. Communication Theory, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtab019

Shin, J-H., & Heath, R. L. (2020, December 22). Public Relations Theory: Capabilities and Competencies.

In public relations, there can be a crisis or a mega-crisis. There are multiple factors that elevate a crisis to a mega-crisis throughout global PR. A combination of political, social and economic factors work together to determine what can be classified as a mega-crisis (Yen, Salmon, 2017). An example that encapsulates a mega-crisis is the African famine with more than 340 million people suffering from food insecurity and 280 million people suffering from malnourishment across the continent (Luke, 2025). Understanding the aspects of a mega-crisis can lead to successful solutions with long-term results, or at least be a step in the right direction to manage these crises. 

How Do We Determine A Crisis From A Mega-Crisis?

In terms of public relations, a crisis is serious, but can typically be managed by taking fast action. A crisis is a situation that puts the reputation of your organization at risk (O’Connell, 2024). In public relations, a crisis can come in the form of:

• Product recalls 
• Poor media coverage 
• Data breach
• Financial scandal
• Factory or production plant disaster

These are all situations that require immediate action that a crisis plan is typically in place for (O’Connell, 2024). A mega-crisis requires a different, more in-depth approach.  ____ The reason that the African famine fits under mega-crisis so well is because of how complex it is, it’s large scale and how many publics are effected (Yen, Salmon, 2017).  A mega-crisis requires both political and managerial perspectives in order to effectively manage the situation. A mega-crisis creates two things:

• A sense of extreme urgency
• Very deep uncertainty 

These two factors along with the requirement of a managerial and political perspective are heavily responsible for defining a situation as a mega-crisis (Yen, Salmon, 2017) . 

Managerial Perspective vs. Political Perspective: Is This A Quick Fix Or A Deeper Change

When dealing with a mega-crisis, the strategy of how to manage it is essential. The managerial perspective is correlated with the “extreme urgency” aspect. Media pressure usually demands immediate action during a crisis. Looking at the African Famine as an example, the managerial perspective and immediate action typically does not address the deeper-rooted issue of the mega-crisis that results in the lack of long-term change. The managerial perspective will meet the urgent stakeholder needs but fail to result in long-term solutions (Yen, Salmon, 2017). The “deep uncertainty” aspect is met with the political perspective. This perspective is looking beyond the immediate needs and looking toward what can be integrated to make a long-term change that will make a difference. The political perspective is working towards making a deep-rooted change (Yen, Salmon, 2017). 

Managing A Mega-Crisis: Solutions That Can Make An Impact

Knowing the difference between a crisis and a mega-crisis drives how PR professionals respond to a crisis. The managerial perspective may work for a traditional crisis well. Then quick and immediate action to extinguish the fire may be exactly what is necessary for that situation. Simply, a mega-crisis is more messy. A fast fix will not sufficiently solve the problem. They require more involvement from stakeholders, more time, and the idea that a single resolution should NOT be relied on (Yen, Salmon, 2017). From food scarcity across a continent to recalling a faulty product, the main focus is making a change for the future and not just for right now. Thinking bigger is neccessary to properly manage a mega-crisis.

Keywords:

Mega-crisis, Crisis Communication, Managerial Perspective, Political Perspective

Resources:

Luke, D. (2025, March 25). How Africa eats: identifying and stopping the hunger crisis. Lse.ac.uk; LSE Research for the World. https://www.lse.ac.uk/research/research-for-the-world/economics/how-africa-eats

O’Connell, A. (2024). What is Crisis Communication? Definitions & Strategies | Cision. Cision. https://www.cision.com/resources/articles/what-is-crisis-communication-definitions-strategies/

Yen, V. Y.-C., & Salmon, C. T. (2017). Further explication of mega-crisis concept and feasible responses.

Strategic communication is essential in the world of public relations. That being said, public relations still tends to be excluded when organizational decisions are being made. Many practitioners and scholars agree that PR professionals need to play a part in creating organizational policy, instead of only focusing on creating effective messaging (Wilson, 2016b). PR professionals are generally not part of the dominant coalition. The role of a PR practitioner is often underestimated and therefor not taken into account by the dominant coalition, even though public relations expertise is essential in the inner circle (Berger, 2005).

Dominant Coalition’s Influence on Strategic Decision Making in PR

An article by Christopher Wilson titled, How dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions impact their perceptions of public relations participation in organizational decision making, hypothesizez the different factors that influence the involvement of public relations in organizational decision making. These hypotheses include:

• “H1.  The more dominant coalition members value organizational openness to the organization’s environment, the more they will perceive that the organization’s public relations department participates in organizational decision making.”
• “H2. The greater dominant coalition members’ perceptions of organizational autonomy are, the more they will perceive that the public relations department participates in organizational decision making.”
• “H3. Dominant coalition members’ perceptions of the manager role potential of the public relations department will be positively associated with their perceptions of the department’s participation in organizational decision making.”

Essentially, these hypotheses suggest that PR being involved largely has to do with what the people in charge think and value. If the members of the dominant coalition believes that PR can have a strong leadership role, then they are more inclined to give PR a seat at the table. As much as it may seem like an obvious answer, it comes down to what the people in charge think and how they want to utilize public relations. 

Binding Communication and Management for Success

The upper echelons theory is the idea that the values of an organizations top management leaders are reflected in their strategic choices (Wilson,2016a).  The values of the top leaders of an organization are reflected in who makes decisions as well as how they are made. PR professionals need to show that they can do more than just craft effective messaging and master communication, they need to prove that they are capable of working with management positions and working IN management positions. PR professionals can fill roles as technicians or manager and the functions of these roles can often overlap <a href="http://<!– wp:paragraph –> <p>The <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/abs/pii/S1363254X16000109">upper echelons theory</a> is the idea that the values of an organizations top management leaders are reflected in their strategic choices (Wilson,2016a).  The values of the top leaders of an organization are reflected in who makes decisions as well as how they are made. PR professionals need to show that they can do more than just craft effective messaging and master communication, they need to prove that they are capable of working with management positions and working IN management positions. PR professionals can fill roles as technicians or manager and the functions of these roles can often overlap <a href="https://read.amazon.com/?asin=B08Q3F9CR6&ref_=dbs_t_r_khbodl">(Shin, Heath, 2021, p. 324)</a>. Focusing on on strategic skills such as crisis management and the creation of policies can be the factors that puts PR in a more than a supporting role.</p> (Shin, Heath, 2021, p. 324). Focusing on on strategic skills such as crisis management and the creation of policies can be the factors that puts PR in a more than a supporting role.

Keywords:

Dominant Coalition, Strategic Decision Making, Communication, Management

References:

Berger, B. K. (2005, January). Power Over, Power With, and Power to Relations: Critical Reflections on Public Relations, the Dominant Coalition, and Activism.

Shin, J.-H., & Heath, R. L. (2020, December 22). Public Relations Theory: Capabilities and Competencies.

Wilson, C. (2016a). How dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions impact their perceptions of public relations participation in organizational decision making .

Wilson, C. (2016b, August). View from the upper echelon: Examining dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions and the impact of formal environmental scanning.

 Synergy is a complex concept. Synergy in media and business is the idea of using one medium to promote another in a way that successfully builds the business (Goodwin, 2016). Walt Disney is known to be one of the pioneers of utilizing synergy in terms of media. Disney was able to expand his brand across many different platforms that led to how successful the organization is today (Goodwin, 2016).  A neighboring concept is cultural synergy. Comparing and analyzing the two shows how all around collaboration effects the success of a business and the strategies used in media. It also allows us to see how the success of one can lead to the success of the other.

The Collaborating Worlds of Media Synergy and Cultural Synergy

Synergy is combining different variables to make something that is stronger than each variable by itself. Used correctly, synergy can give audiences a deeper connection to a brand that allows them to feel more engaged. Walt Disney serves as a perfect example of the use of synergy. The Walt Disney Company website states that, “Collaboration is a huge part of the way we do business at the Company – so much so that it continuously drives us to create innovative merchandise at Disney Consumer Products” (The Walt Disney Company, 2014). The four main strategies of synergy are media economics and ownership, synergy of viewing, media production and media ethics (Goodwin, 2016). Disney uses a mix of elements such as televison shows, theme parks, merchandise and more to keep their audience and consumers engaged. Cultural synergy deals with the internal flow of everything. When there are different groups working together, the two need to be able to cohesively come together and create success (PennState, 2014).

Comparing and Collaborating With The Synergies

Understanding media and cultural synergy gives organizations an advantage to strategically connect with their consumers. Media synergy itself is not enough for a company to connect with their publics. Cultural synergy and internal cohesion is just as important (Goodwin, 2016). Focusing on the two synergies and spending time to adequetly utilize them can be the first steps for a company to be successful like Walt Disney (maybe not AS successful, but baby steps). Toys, television shows, halloween costumes, cruises, movies, merchandise and themes parks are all examples of the synergy used by Disney (Disney Experiences, 2025). The different cultures within a brand and company working together and bringing the aspect of cultural synergy is a main reason for a companies success ans should not be overlooked.

Keywords:

Media Synergy, Cultural Synergy, Collaborating, Comparing

References:

Disney Experiences. (2025, August 12). Disney Experiences: Magic through Imagination & Innovation. Disney Experiences. https://disneyexperiences.com/

Goodwin, J. (2016). A Concept Explication of Synergy. Colorado State University.

How Synergy Inspires Disney’s Innovative Merchandise and Products – The Walt Disney Company. (2014, September 17). The Walt Disney Company. https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/how-synergy-inspires-disneys-innovative-merchandise-and-products/

PennState. (n.d.). Cultural Synergy. Sites.psu.edu. https://sites.psu.edu/global/2014/11/16/cultural-synergy/

The effectiveness of public relations doesn’t solely rely on what a company externally shares. It can very much depend on how PR professionals manage the relationships that are on the inside of their organization. If PR teams don’t have a strong internal bond, an external team can often be brought in to make up for what they are lacking. Corporate PR has been found to struggle with connecting with and resonating with the target publics. There is a lot of essential work put into creating messages and a teams internal struggle can cause inauthenticity aswell as the need for another team. Putting effort into improving internal dynamics is imperative for PR professionals to maintain their authentic relationship with external publics.

Internal Struggles Behind External Communications

Corporate public relations teams tend to find themselves trying to balance maintaining internal priorities while simultaneously creating relationships with external publics. Professionals are constantly trying to find the balance of protecting the brand and supporting the business, while also remaining transparent with the public and building a genuine relationship. Public Relations professionals have the meticulous job of building relationships and trust outside of the brand while also making the best decisions for the organization internally. The need for strong internal communications has completely skyrocketed in the last 10 years. Internal and external communications went from being a luxury to a necessity (Wolf, 2022). 

The lack of cohesiveness between internal and external communications typically results in corporate public relations departments to hire external PR agencies to improve the media relations, which only complicates the internal environment (Cardwell, Williams, et. al., 2016). Bringing in another team doesn’t always mean that the current team is doing poorly. Sometimes the internal demands don’t allow any space for long-term built relationships and outsourcing is what is keeping the organization’s head above the water.

A strong internal system is needed for a strong external image. A campaign with high potential can completely miss the mark if it feels out of touch from the company or inauthentic. Authenticity comes from within the organization. Managing reputation and building relationships should go hand-in-hand. That being said, many professionals have admitted to not spending as much time as they should building their internal relationships because of the heavy focus on the external image (Cardwell, Williams, et. al., 2016). There work may be completed but it isn’t to its highest potential without the authentic internal relationships.

Think Bigger: Strategic PR and Building Relationships

PR professionals are often left feeling like building external relationships is hard because of internal factors. A lack of resources, time, the dynamic between the external PR agency, and executive involvement in PR opportunities are factors that lead to this feeling (Cardwell, Williams, et., al., 2016). Being successful in building relationships requires a strategic approach that values both external and internal relationships. “Mixternal” communication is key to successful PR. External and internal audiences have often been strictly viewed separately. In reality, a much more effective approach would be to view them together. “Mixternal” communication is the concept of external and internal audiences being considered in all communications campaigns (Elsasser, 2023). 

Why Is This Important?

Here lies a simple truth: strong external relationships are impossible without strong internal ones. The management of internal relationships is the foundation of strategic and authentic public relations. Corporate PR teams being united and aligned within themselves creates an authentic and essential ability to engage with their publics. Trust is extremely valuable and necessary to the reputation of a brand. The strength between internal and external relationships in PR is the sure way to ensure the reputation and communication the brand wants. 

Key Words:

Internal, External, Strategic PR, Building Relationships

References

Cardwell, L. A., Williams, S., & Pyle, A. (2016). Corporate public relations dynamics: Internal vs. external stakeholders and the role of the practitioner (pp. 1–11).

Carter, A. (2022, November 3). 2023: The year when internal and external communications align – PR Daily. PR Daily. https://www.prdaily.com/2023-the-year-when-internal-and-external-communications-align/

Elsasser, J. (2021). Exploring Internal Comms. Www. https://www.prsa.org/article/exploring-internal-comms

About Me

My name is Ciara Wolfe, and I am currently a senior at the University of Oklahoma who is a part of the 4+1 program offered by Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication. Technically, this is the last year of my undergraduate degree and the first year working to obtain my master’s degree. I am from Edmond, OK, but have lived and worked in Norman since freshman year.

My Academic Journey

My major is public relations, and I am minoring in Italian. I have been at the University of Oklahoma throughout the entirety of my college career. I decided to apply to the 4+1 program because I knew I wanted to further my education to ensure I have the successful future I want. I love OU and knew I wanted to stay, so this felt like a perfect opportunity for me to pursue. My goal is to attend law school here in Norman after I finish obtaining my master’s degree. I personally fund my education, so I wanted to see if this program’s workload would prepare me for law school on top of maintaining my part-time job. I also feel as though a lot of what I have learned so far, paired with what I am going to learn through this program, will be helpful no matter what I choose to do with my career in the public relations or law world.

Research Interests

I don’t have any ongoing research projects or specific research interests that are calling my name. I am open to a lot of topics and admittedly probably need to do more research to find out what interests me the most. A lot of the past research I have done has been required for classes and not independent research. Some of my favorite topics I have researched have been the story of Ruby Franke and the idea of child influencers and the essentially failed rebrand of Victoria’s Secret. The only independent research I have done is for my internship with Super Prep, a division of OKC’s sports radio. I helped research and obtain partnerships that would align with the brand and analyze different marketing packages. I was very focused on a sports-related career when I first began my education, but I am always open to finding new things that interest me. I am extremely interested in being a sports agent and representing different professional teams, but I have also recently been turned towards immigration law because of the recent political climate. Nonetheless, I am still always interested in pursuing different careers that would fit me.

Academic Journey and Future Goals

Short-Term Goals:

Some of my short-term goals include maintaining straight A’s (cliché, I know), completing my undergraduate degree and finding an interesting research topic that I want to fully dive into. Managing my time effectively will be essential to keep me on track.

Long-Term Goals:

I hope that my current studies point me in the right direction of my long-term goals and ensure my future success. Obtaining my master’s degree is my first step towards my successful future and I want to take it a step further and go to law school. It’s a lot of school, but it’s what I have my heart set on. My future in the sports world is supported through my PR knowledge, but can be enhanced with a law degree. My interest in immigration law is something that I would somehow like to explore this year, even before going to law school. I plan to be extremely focused this year and finish my undergraduate degree strong.

So what is PR Design?

PR Design has been, by far, one of the most beneficial public relations courses I have taken during my time at Gaylord. PR Design as a class taught me a lot of beneficial design tips and took a deeper dive into the design choices the professionals make. I learned a lot about how to use Adobe Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, Canva, and even platforms like MailChimp to help me create emails. We learned that PR design is way more than just the colors you choose for a business card or the font you use on a newsletter; there are a ton of things to take into consideration as a thoughtful designer.

My Little Tips and Tricks

One of my biggest tips is to KNOW YOUR STAKEHOLDERS! It is so important to know who you are designing for and who your target audience is. Something that might look “cute” or “aesthetic” to you, may not catch the eye of your target stakeholders at all. Design was completely new to me this year in terms of using Adobe, so I’m still a little bit slower using those, but I’m definitely getting the hang of it! One huge tip that did help me a lot for our final project was to use a previous design’s base outline/layout to save time when creating my newsletter pages! For me it was a bit tricky to get the base format of my assignments set up, so using my first newsletter assignment to act as a template for my 6-page newsletter probably saved me hours of work!

This is the cover for my 6-page newsletter that was my final project. I was orginally nervous about this assignment because I remember I wasn’t the best at creating the first newsletter, which was our very first assignment. This project truly showed my how much I grew as a designer and how my skills developed. Once I started working, I was proud at how much more I knew. I used the template from my original newsletter and edited to be exactly how I wanted.

My Final Thoughts For PR Design

I’ll say it once again, PR Design Sam Sims has been one of the absolute MOST beneficial classes I have taken in college. I truly learned more in this class than most of the others classes I have taken at OU. It challenged me in creative ways and Sam was such a great mentor for this class! He is always extremely insightful, and I would recommend this course to any and every PR student! From creating my own business card, to making a competitive analysis about myself, to the final project, every single assignment taught me something new and challenged my design skills! This class has truly set me up for future success and I am excited to put my skills to use!