Annotated Bibliography:
This article by Lukas Shaw talks about how Adam Cononver dives into the growing concerns surrounding artificial intelligence and its potential to disrupt the Film/entertainment industry, particularly in the context of Hollywood’s ongoing Labor dispute, Conover, who is considered to be a comedian and writer, explores how AI being used by studios is seen as a threat to the livelihoods of writers, actor and other creative in Hollywood. Through interviews with many professionals and labor representatives, Conover illustrates the fear that AI might replace human jobs, from scriptwriting to acting. He also discusses how these concerns have contributed to one of the largest labor disputes in Hollywood in decades(Shaw). Conover, a prominent figure in both comedy and Hollywood, provides a comprehensive overview of the conflict between the entertainment unions and the studios. His insights are grounded in the economic realities of streaming, where profits have gone down, and AI promises to reduce costs for production studios. I will be using this article primarily to examine where the lines became blurred between technology, labor rights and intellectual property, especially how the advancement of AI might shape the future of creative professions in Hollywood. Conover’s exploration of the existential crisis faced by writers and actors due to AI will help contextualize my research on how new technologies disrupt traditional industries and labor markets(page 1). This article offers an important lens through which I can view the changing dynamics of the creative world economically, highlighting both the promises and dangers of AI in the film industry(page 1). According to Conover AI is not just a tool but a potential job destroyer which is a critical perspective that I will use in my analysis of what AI will do to jobs in hollywood. Although my main point is AI causing a decrease in human jobs in Hollywood, the way conover discusses the surrounding consent, control and intellectual property rights interest me to use it as a tool to further my analysis.
- SHAW, L. Artificial Intelligence. Bloomberg Businessweek, [s. l.], n. 4792, p. 32–35, 2023. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=b5b9a1b7-3198-3881-b079-e439719fa394. Acesso em: 6 mar. 2025.
2.) This article explores the growing influence of generative AI in Hollywood, focusing on the tension between traditionally filmmaking practices and technological advancements reshaping the industry. The author Peter Suderman begins by using Tom Cruise’s famous insistence of performing his students as in Mission impossible to symbolize Hollywood’s resistance to digital effects and AI. He talks about how Crusie being considered “no digital Tom” reflects a larger fear from those in the industry about the potential of AI replacing real people, particularly actors and writers(page 1). The article also highlights the 2023 writers and actors strike, which were fueled by concerns over AI potentially taking everyone’s jobs and them being paid lower wages. The screen actors and writers of America stood against those who were trying to use AI to manipulate actors and create scripts without human input. The article goes on to discuss the contrasting response to AI, noting that while many in Hollywood fear job loss, AI is also seen as a useful tool, especially for organizing and structuring screenplays. The author cites predictions from industry figures like Jeffery Katenbery(page 1), who anticipates that AI will drastically reduce the cost of animated films and other higher production. Suderman then dives into how AI might change the power dynamic within Hollywood; many people will lose their positions of power. This article is crucial for undertaking the current debate surrounding AI in the film industry, particularly its impact on labor, creativity and accessibility. It provides a more nuanced perspective on bothe the challenges and opportunities that will happen when AI is further introduced into the industry. Although my interest is more focused on the disadvantages of AI, having articles that will be able to contrast my research on how AI could shape the future of filmmaking, especially when it comes to cost, autonomy for independent filmmakers and the future creative work that will come in hollywood.
- SUDERMAN, P. AI Is Coming for Hollywood’s Jobs. Reason, [s. l.], v. 56, n. 2, p. 66–71, 2024. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=b2eaa3ff-ae0d-338a-860f-ebbea499d8bf. Acesso em: 6 mar. 2025.
Citations:
Works Cited
Cho, Winston. “Hollywood Jobs Most At-Risk From AI.” The Hollywood Reporter, 30 January 2024, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/ai-hollywood-workers-job-cuts-1235811009/. Accessed 5 March 2025.
Chow, Pei. “Necsus.” Ghost in the (Hollywood) Machine: Emergent Applications of Artifical Intelligence in the Film Industry, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020, p. 22. Google Scholar, file:///C:/Users/savan/Downloads/content.pdf. Accessed 05 March 2025.
Davenport, Thomas H., and Randy Bean. “The Impact of Generative AI on Hollywood and Entertainment | Thomas H. Davenport and Randy Bean.” MIT Sloan Management Review, 19 June 2023, https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-hollywood-and-entertainment/. Accessed 5 March 2025.
CAMPBELL, A. B.C. film and TV industry divided on future use of AI: Some unions are calling for stricter regulations, while others look to navigate adoption. Business in Vancouver, [s. l.], n. 1838, p. 11, 2025. Disponível em:https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=4745caa3-a77f-3e05-94e0-405c1f6913da. Acesso em: 6 mar. 2025.
Annotated Bib: (Part 2)-
- Citation: Halperin, Rosner, Brett, Daniela. “AI is Soulless: Hollywood Workers Strike and Emerging Perception of Generative Cinema.” ACM Transaction on Computer-Human Interactions, vol. 1, no. 1073-0516, 2025, p. 26. google scholar, https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3716135. Accessed 26 March 2025.
I resonated with this article because it investigates the reason behind the 2023 strikes by Hollywood Film workers, focusing on how the growing influence of artificial intelligence within the concerns about job security, wages and the authenticity of creative work. The authors conducted participant observations, standing at the front lines of the strike/ march where they interviewed 15 different film workers all from different career paths such as actor, film producer, writer and directors. These workers expressed their fears about how they believe AI might worsen wage pressure and completely erase the personal connection that is created during the creativity processes. It undermines the Originality and authenticity of cinematic productions. It is also expressed in the article from those being interviewed that AI could lead to movies and films being produced a lot faster than normal, which will potentially sacrifice quality and will only leave room for quantity.
This source directly supports my argument that AI is contributing to the reduction of Human Labor in the Hollywood Film industry. The film workers that were interviewed in this study each describe ways AI threaten their livelihood, whether that through replacing jobs, lower wage pay or altering the creative process. The articles also highlight some of the historical aspects pertaining to technology and its fast advancements. But at the same time suggested that just like in the past where people were on edge about the creation of CGI or HD quality they eventually got over it because these technological advancements eventually led to new roles that people could work in. This perspective can be used to understand the ongoing resistance towards AI in Hollywood, as well as the more extensive implication of AI’s influence on the creativity and the workforce in the entertainment industry.
Some key points that I will take away from this article is how AI is just mostly feared because it is presumed to make wages in Hollywood tighter. Workers are also very concerned with the fact that with the production of each film that uses AI, the film will have no substance. Another takeaway is that people in the film industry truly believe that AI will completely and utterly reshape the “soul” of cinematic labor. This study provides valuable firsthand accounts from a variety of workers in the film industry offering insight on the real world impact of AI on labor dynamics. This article is an essential resource for understanding the direct consequences of AI on Hollywood’s workforce and the ongoing resistance from those working in the industry. It contributes to a much more universal conversation about AI’s role in the entertainment industry and the potential long term effects it will have on the human labor force in film production.
2.) Citation: Kinder, Molly. “Hollywood writers went on strike to protect their livelihoods from generative AI. Their remarkable victory matters for all workers.” Brookings, The Brooking Institution, 12 April 2024, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/hollywood-writers-went-on-strike-to-protect-their-livelihoods-from-generative-ai-their-remarkable-victory-matters-for-all-workers/. Accessed 26 March 2025.
Just like my other sources this article explores the disruptive effects of generative AI on Hollywood, particularly the concerns that have been raised by writers. It highlights the fears that each writer in the industry has felt at some point due to the belief that their jobs are at risk due to growing capabilities of AI technologies (Ex: ChatGbt). The article begins to feature a variety of interviews with writers such as Danny Trolli, who express concern that AI could replace them and destroy long established career paths in the industry. The article also brings to light the 2023 Writers Guild of America(WGA) strike, whose main focus was attempting to secure protection from AI. This strike eventually led to some form of reaction from those who own production companies such as a contract ensuring that AI is just a tool that is used sometimes but it cannot and will not ever fully replace humans.
This is relevant to my argument that AI is contributing to the downfall of Hollywood’s film industry by threatening jobs and eroding film creativity. It seems like everything these days has the same concept. The firsthand accounts from the writers provided a very valuable perspective about the risk AI poses to the workforce. It emphasizes that AI has become more advanced in generating script and “creative” content just as though it was being done by a human might detrimental to the world of Hollywood. It also compliments my other sources, which focuses on how AI is putting workers at risk in various sectors, especially in the creative and wage department in the film industry.
Some key points that I have taken away from this article is that Hollywood writers live in constant fear that one day they will be replaced by a robot. As well as the 2023 writer strike led to something historic, a contract that will prevent studios from abusing their accessibility to AI. This article is a strong source because it provides personal flights from Hollywood writers as well. However the article could have had a more balanced perspective, regarding how AI might not take over the industry but just provide it with some assistance. Despite this, the article effectively conveys the economic and creative concerns that AI introduces into the industry, making it a valuable resource for my research.
The academic source will become essential in supporting my argument that AI is a serious threat to the Hollywood film industry. It offers valuable insights into the concerns of professionals within the industry and the protective measures that can be taken to prevent the industry’s fears from coming true. This source will ultimately strengthen my overall research by connecting the overall theme of AI’s impact on the workforce with specific people and examples. It is also providing further evidence on how it is possible to jeopardize creative workers in Hollywood.
Works Cited
Augiano, Dani. “How Hollywood triumphed AI- and Why It Matters.” The Guardian [Los Angeles], 01 October 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/oct/01/hollywood-writers-strike-artificial-intelligence. Accessed 26 March 2025.
Cho, Winston. “Hollywood Jobs Most At-Risk From AI.” The Hollywood Reporter, 30 January 2024, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/ai-hollywood-workers-job-cuts-1235811009/. Accessed 5 March 2025.
Chow, Pei. “Necsus.” Ghost in the (Hollywood) Machine: Emergent Applications of Artifical Intelligence in the Film Industry, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020, p. 22. Google Scholar, file:///C:/Users/savan/Downloads/content.pdf. Accessed 05 March 2025.
Davenport, Thomas H., and Randy Bean. “The Impact of Generative AI on Hollywood and Entertainment | Thomas H. Davenport and Randy Bean.” MIT Sloan Management Review, 19 June 2023, https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-hollywood-and-entertainment/. Accessed 5 March 2025.
George, Dr.A Shaji. “Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work: Job Loss.” Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication, vol. 02, no. 02, 20204, p. 21. Purip.com, https://puirp.com/index.php/research/article/view/46/40. Accessed 26 March 2025.
Halperin, Rosner, Brett, Daniela. “AI is Soulless: Hollywood Workers Strike and Emerging Perception of Generative Cinema.” ACM Transaction on Computer-Human Interactions, vol. 1, no. 1073-0516, 2025, p. 26. google scholar, https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3716135. Accessed 26 March 2025.
Kinder, Molly. “Hollywood writers went on strike to protect their livelihoods from generative AI. Their remarkable victory matters for all workers.” Brookings, The Brooking Institution, 12 April 2024, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/hollywood-writers-went-on-strike-to-protect-their-livelihoods-from-generative-ai-their-remarkable-victory-matters-for-all-workers/. Accessed 26 March 2025.
SUDERMAN, P. AI Is Coming for Hollywood’s Jobs. Reason, [s. l.], v. 56, n. 2, p. 66–71, 2024. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=b2eaa3ff-ae0d-338a-860f-ebbea499d8bf. Acesso em: 6 March. 2025.